{"id":68,"date":"2020-06-04T12:21:07","date_gmt":"2020-06-04T10:21:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edita.musicbreakout.cz\/?p=68"},"modified":"2023-01-06T01:07:17","modified_gmt":"2023-01-06T00:07:17","slug":"kultura-starovekeho-rima","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edita.kolator.org\/?p=68","title":{"rendered":"Kultura starov\u011bk\u00e9ho \u0158\u00edma"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> Dnes to bude um\u011bn\u00ed a kultura starov\u011bk\u00e9ho \u0158\u00edma.                                                                                                                                                 \u0158\u00edm byl podle pov\u011bsti zalo\u017een  roku 753 p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem bratry Remusem a Romulem, kte\u0159\u00ed byli vychov\u00e1ni vl\u010dic\u00ed. Ze za\u010d\u00e1tku mal\u00e1 obec                                                                          na Apeninsk\u00e9m poloostrov\u011b.                                                                                                         Za\u010dneme s architekturou. V architektu\u0159e hledal \u0158\u00edm sv\u016fj vzor v&nbsp;\u0158ecku. typicky \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdmi prvky \u2013 kulat\u00fdm obloukem a kupolovou klenbou.  Nov\u011b se v architektu\u0159e za\u010dala pou\u017e\u00edvat&nbsp;<strong> <\/strong>cihla a beton.                                                                                                                Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u00edla jsou&nbsp;bazilika&nbsp;(Maxenciova),<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>l\u00e1zn\u011b&nbsp;(Diokleci\u00e1novy) a t\u0159eba amfiteatr  (Vespasi\u00e1n\u016fv amfiteatr).&nbsp;D\u00e1le \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 stav\u011bli<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>silnice, akvadukty, kan\u00e1ly, beton vymysleli asi ve 2. stol. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 oblouky jsou p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b pevn\u00e9, proto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd k\u00e1men siln\u011b tla\u010d\u00ed proti vedlej\u0161\u00edm kamen\u016fm, co\u017e pom\u00e1h\u00e1 udr\u017eet oblouk dohromady. F\u00f3rum bylo ve st\u0159edu m\u011bst\u011b.  Ulice byly \u00fazk\u00e9, p\u0159\u00ed\u0161ern\u011b p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00e9 a hlu\u010dn\u00e9. Akvadukty byly stav\u011bny pro p\u0159\u00edsun pitn\u00e9 vody. V\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9 oblouky byly stav\u011bny na po\u010dest v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159\u016f. \u0158ekov\u00e9 milovali divadlo, \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 milovali gladi\u00e1torsk\u00e9 z\u00e1pasy,  vstup byl zdarma. Sed\u011blo se podle spole\u010densk\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed.  \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 m\u011bli vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 silnic.  V\u011bt\u0161inu jich vybudovala arm\u00e1da. Mozaiky byly d\u011bl\u00e1ny z tis\u00edc\u016f kosti\u010dek kamene, mramoru, keramiky nebo skla. T\u00e9mata mozaiek: m\u00fdty a pov\u011bsti, obl\u00edben\u00e9 byly i v\u00fdjevy ze v\u0161edn\u00edho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edita.musicbreakout.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/koloseum-umeni_starovekeho_rima_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-70\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jako dal\u0161\u00ed bude socha\u0159stv\u00ed a mal\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 socha\u0159stv\u00ed a mal\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed siln\u011b navazovalo na to \u0159eck\u00e9. Za\u010dneme mal\u00ed\u0159stv\u00edm a pak nav\u00e1\u017eeme na socha\u0159stv\u00ed.    Z \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 doby m\u00e1me dochov\u00e1ny mozaiky, fresky a deskov\u00e9 malby. Typick\u00fdm t\u00e9matem pro fresky jsou krajina, p\u0159\u00edroda. Mozaiky nalezneme nejen na zdi a podlaze, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pak v l\u00e1zn\u00edch. Nejv\u00edce maleb nalezneme ve m\u011bstech&nbsp;Pompej\u00edch a Herkulanea. Pozdn\u00ed doba \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed je spojena s k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00edm.  Za doby vl\u00e1dy c\u00edsa\u0159e Konstantina se postaven\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed zm\u011bnilo, byly vystav\u011bny prvn\u00ed chr\u00e1my (Jeruzal\u00e9m, Betl\u00e9m).                       A te\u010f socha\u0159stv\u00ed! Socha\u0159stv\u00ed bylo realistick\u00e9 se silnou \u0159eckou tradic\u00ed (busty). Sochy v\u011bt\u0161inou byly: bos\u00e9, kontrapost, bohat\u011b \u0159asen\u00e1 drap\u00e9rie a v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich byla pomp\u00e9zn\u00ed.            <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edita.musicbreakout.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ceasar-1-socha.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-71\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u00e1le tu m\u00e1me literaturu.                                                                                                                                   Ovidius -b\u00e1sn\u00edk                       D\u00edla: Fasti, Heroidy, Metamorfosy atd.                                                  Plautus -autor komedii  D\u00edla: Trinummus, Aulularia atd.                                                          Vergilius -b\u00e1sn\u00edk                      D\u00edla: Bukolika, Aeneis atd.                                                                 Horatius -b\u00e1sn\u00edk, \u0159e\u010dn\u00edk         D\u00edla: Epody, Epistuale  atd.                                                     Caesar -historik                        D\u00edla: Z\u00e1pisky o v\u00e1lce galsk\u00e9                                                                        Livius &#8211; historik, b\u00e1sn\u00edk atd.  D\u00edla: Knihy od zalo\u017een\u00ed m\u011bsta \u0158\u00edm                                         Cicero -\u0159e\u010dn\u00edk                            D\u00edla: Retorika, Brutus atd.                                                        \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 si podmanili \u0158ecko vojensky a politicky, kulturn\u011b v\u0161ak \u0158ek\u016fm podlehli pr\u00e1v\u011b oni. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 v um\u011bn\u00ed nikdy nedos\u00e1hli \u0159eck\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b.                                            <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edita.musicbreakout.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/cicero-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-72\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Cicero                                                                                                                                   <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A jako posledn\u00ed je tu n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Ji\u017e ve star\u00e9m \u0158ecku se rozvinulo polyteistick\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 byli tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1mi pro&nbsp;velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed bo\u017estev, za kter\u00e1 si vyslou\u017eili posm\u011bch v ran\u011b&nbsp;k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch polemik\u00e1ch.  Pro oby\u010dejn\u00e9 \u0158\u00edmany bylo n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota.  Kolem na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu se u plebej\u016f za\u010dala prosazovat k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edita.musicbreakout.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/akvadukt-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-76\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">akvadukt<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No a jsme na konci, douf\u00e1m, \u017ee se v\u00e1m tento \u010dl\u00e1nek l\u00edbil.                                                  Web:                                                                                                                                                                   msuo.cz                                                                                                                                           www.vzdelavanivcr.cz                                                                                                                                  slideplayer.cz                                                                                                                                            itranet.zamecek.cz                                                                                                                            www.gymst.com                                                                                                                              www.dejepis.com                                                                                                                       citato.cz                                                                                                                                            blog.helios.eu                                                                                                                                     mundo.cz                                                                                                                                                                                cs.qwe.wiki                                                                                                                                          Knihy:                                                                                                                                                                                 D\u011bjiny um\u011bn\u00ed 2 napsal: Jos\u00e9 Pijoan                                                                   <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dnes to bude um\u011bn\u00ed a kultura starov\u011bk\u00e9ho \u0158\u00edma. \u0158\u00edm byl podle pov\u011bsti zalo\u017een roku 753 p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem bratry Remusem a Romulem, kte\u0159\u00ed byli vychov\u00e1ni vl\u010dic\u00ed. Ze za\u010d\u00e1tku mal\u00e1 obec na Apeninsk\u00e9m poloostrov\u011b. Za\u010dneme s architekturou. V architektu\u0159e hledal \u0158\u00edm sv\u016fj vzor v&nbsp;\u0158ecku. typicky \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdmi prvky \u2013 kulat\u00fdm obloukem a kupolovou klenbou. Nov\u011b se v&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":159,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-68","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edita.kolator.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edita.kolator.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edita.kolator.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edita.kolator.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edita.kolator.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=68"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edita.kolator.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":179,"href":"https:\/\/edita.kolator.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68\/revisions\/179"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edita.kolator.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/159"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edita.kolator.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=68"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edita.kolator.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=68"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edita.kolator.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=68"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}